THE ATOMS OF PHONOLOGICAL REPRESENTATION: GESTURES, COORDINATION AND PERCEPTUAL FEATURES IN CONSONANT CLUSTER PHONOTACTICS by

....................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................... iii TABLE OF FIGURES..................................................................................................... viii TABLE OF TABLES ......................................................................................................... x CHAPTER 1. The Elements of Phonetic and Phonological Representations .................... 1 1.1. Outline of the dissertation........................................................................................ 5 CHAPTER 2. Articulatory and Perceptual Approaches to Phonology............................... 7 2.1. Articulatory Phonology and gestural representation................................................ 7 2.1.1. Gestures and gestural scores ....................................................................... 7 2.1.2. Regularities and natural classes .................................................................. 8 2.1.3. Phasing and coordination relationships .................................................... 10 2.1.4. Gestural overlap ........................................................................................ 16 2.2. Adding perceptual factors into phonology............................................................. 20 2.2.1. “Tug-of-war” between articulation and perception .................................. 20 2.2.2. Grounding and functionalism in phonological theory .............................. 23 2.3. Summary ................................................................................................................ 26 CHAPTER 3. Perceptual and Articulatory Influences on the Production of Non-Native Sequences.......................................................................................................................... 27 3.1. The perception, production, and acquisition of non-native sequences .................. 27 3.1.1. Perception ................................................................................................. 27 3.1.2. Production and acquisition........................................................................ 30 3.2. Experiment............................................................................................................. 36 3.2.1. Phonetic influences ................................................................................... 36 3.2.2. Participants................................................................................................ 39 3.2.3. Materials ................................................................................................... 39 3.2.4. Design and procedure ............................................................................... 40 3.3. Results.................................................................................................................... 42 3.3.1. Repetition first vs. Sentence first .............................................................. 42 3.3.2. Repetition condition.................................................................................. 42 3.3.2.1 First segment......................................................................................... 42 3.3.2.2 Second segment .................................................................................... 43 3.3.2.3 Cluster type ........................................................................................... 44 3.3.2.4 Error types............................................................................................. 45 3.3.3. Sentence condition.................................................................................... 46 3.3.3.1 First segment......................................................................................... 46 3.3.3.2 Second segment .................................................................................... 47 3.3.3.3 Cluster type ........................................................................................... 47 3.3.3.4 Error types............................................................................................. 48